<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
  <head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
    <title>rnd</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="csound.css" />
    <meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.78.1" />
    <link rel="home" href="index.html" title="The Canonical Csound Reference Manual" />
    <link rel="up" href="OpcodesTop.html" title="Orchestra Opcodes and Operators" />
    <link rel="prev" href="rms.html" title="rms" />
    <link rel="next" href="rnd31.html" title="rnd31" />
  </head>
  <body>
    <div class="navheader">
      <table width="100%" summary="Navigation header">
        <tr>
          <th colspan="3" align="center">rnd</th>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="rms.html">Prev</a> </td>
          <th width="60%" align="center">Orchestra Opcodes and Operators</th>
          <td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="rnd31.html">Next</a></td>
        </tr>
      </table>
      <hr />
    </div>
    <div class="refentry">
      <a id="rnd"></a>
      <div class="titlepage"></div>
      <a id="IndexRnd" class="indexterm"></a>
      <div class="refnamediv">
        <h2>
          <span class="refentrytitle">rnd</span>
        </h2>
        <p>rnd — 
      Returns a random number in a unipolar range at the rate given by the input argument.
    </p>
      </div>
      <div class="refsect1">
        <a id="idp143271712"></a>
        <h2>Description</h2>
        <p>
      Returns a random number in a unipolar range at the rate given by the input argument.
    </p>
      </div>
      <div class="refsect1">
        <a id="idp143273136"></a>
        <h2>Syntax</h2>
        <pre class="synopsis"><span class="command"><strong>rnd</strong></span>(x) (init- or control-rate only)</pre>
        <p>
      Where the argument within the parentheses may be an expression. These value converters sample a global random sequence, but do not reference <span class="emphasis"><em>seed</em></span>. The result can be a term in a further expression.
    </p>
      </div>
      <div class="refsect1">
        <a id="idp143348192"></a>
        <h2>Performance</h2>
        <p>
      Returns a random number in the unipolar range 0 to <span class="emphasis"><em>x</em></span>.
    </p>
      </div>
      <div class="refsect1">
        <a id="idp143349824"></a>
        <h2>Examples</h2>
        <p>
      Here is an example of the rnd opcode. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/rnd.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">rnd.csd</em></a>.

      </p>
        <div class="example">
          <a id="idp143351680"></a>
          <p class="title">
            <strong>Example 769. Example of the rnd opcode.</strong>
          </p>
          <div class="example-contents">
            <p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p>
            <pre class="programlisting">
<span class="csdtag">&lt;CsoundSynthesizer&gt;</span>
<span class="csdtag">&lt;CsOptions&gt;</span>
<span class="comment">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span>
<span class="comment">; Audio out   Audio in</span>
-odac           -iadc    <span class="comment">;;;RT audio I/O</span>
<span class="comment">; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:</span>
<span class="comment">; -o rnd.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform</span>
<span class="csdtag">&lt;/CsOptions&gt;</span>
<span class="csdtag">&lt;CsInstruments&gt;</span>

<span class="comment">; Andres Cabrera 2010</span>

<span class="ohdr">sr</span> <span class="op">=</span> 44100
<span class="ohdr">ksmps</span> <span class="op">=</span> 4410
<span class="ohdr">nchnls</span> <span class="op">=</span> 1
<span class="ohdr">0dbfs</span> <span class="op">=</span> 1

<span class="oblock">instr</span> 1
	<span class="comment">; Generate a random number from 0 to 10.</span>
	irand <span class="op">=</span> <span class="opc">rnd</span>(10)
	<span class="opc">print</span> irand
<span class="oblock">endin</span>

<span class="oblock">instr</span> 2
	klimit <span class="opc">init</span> 10
	krand <span class="op">=</span> <span class="opc">rnd</span>(klimit)
	<span class="opc">printk</span> 0, krand
<span class="oblock">endin</span>

<span class="csdtag">&lt;/CsInstruments&gt;</span>
<span class="csdtag">&lt;CsScore&gt;</span>

<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 0 1  <span class="comment">; Generate 1 number</span>
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 0 1  <span class="comment">; Generate another number</span>
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 0 1  <span class="comment">; yet another number</span>

<span class="stamnt">i</span> 2 2 1  <span class="comment">; 1 second prints 9 values (kr = 10)</span>
<span class="stamnt">e</span>

<span class="csdtag">&lt;/CsScore&gt;</span>
<span class="csdtag">&lt;/CsoundSynthesizer&gt;</span>
</pre>
          </div>
        </div>
        <p><br class="example-break" />

      Its output should be:
      </p>
        <pre class="screen">SECTION 1:
new alloc for instr 1:
instr 1:  irand = 9.735
new alloc for instr 1:
instr 1:  irand = 1.394
new alloc for instr 1:
instr 1:  irand = 7.695
midi channel 1 now using instr 1
B  0.000 ..  2.000 T  2.000 TT  2.000 M:  0.00000
new alloc for instr 2:
 i   2 time     2.10000:     5.25005
 i   2 time     2.20000:     6.22665
 i   2 time     2.30000:     9.69511
 i   2 time     2.40000:     7.16822
 i   2 time     2.50000:     9.45134
 i   2 time     2.60000:     1.34123
 i   2 time     2.70000:     2.09879
 i   2 time     2.80000:     2.36001
 i   2 time     2.90000:     0.03553</pre>
        <p>
    </p>
      </div>
      <div class="refsect1">
        <a id="idp143357584"></a>
        <h2>See Also</h2>
        <p>
      <a class="link" href="birnd.html" title="birnd"><em class="citetitle">birnd</em></a>
    </p>
      </div>
      <div class="refsect1">
        <a id="idp143359728"></a>
        <h2>Credits</h2>
        <p>
      </p>
        <table border="0" summary="Simple list" class="simplelist">
          <tr>
            <td>Author: Barry L. Vercoe</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td>MIT</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td>Cambridge, Massachussetts</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td>1997</td>
          </tr>
        </table>
        <p>
    </p>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="navfooter">
      <hr />
      <table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer">
        <tr>
          <td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="rms.html">Prev</a> </td>
          <td width="20%" align="center">
            <a accesskey="u" href="OpcodesTop.html">Up</a>
          </td>
          <td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="rnd31.html">Next</a></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">rms </td>
          <td width="20%" align="center">
            <a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a>
          </td>
          <td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> rnd31</td>
        </tr>
      </table>
    </div>
  </body>
</html>
